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Constructed meshes, branch claude/constructive-classification

22 seamless parametrizations, and 3 signatures that have none

Every surface here is a mesh the construction actually output, refined to grid cells and embedded in space. Drag any picture to turn it; scroll on it to zoom; double-click to reset. The heavy black lines are the isolines u ∈ Z and v ∈ Z of the parametrization, which are the edges of the original squares.

Not one of these signatures satisfies the hypothesis of the sufficient condition in the prior work, which asks for gcd(m1, …, mn) = 1. For image(ρ) equal to 0 or 2Z4 that is automatic, since the generator divides every order; the rows with full holonomy were chosen with a common factor on purpose. The classification answers all of them, in both directions.

read the cones

A cone of valence v has exactly v heavy lines running into it. Checked on every dart before drawing.

valence 2

A simple pole: the surface closes on itself through an angle of π. Two isolines meet there, not four.

cones behind

The sheets are translucent and the cone markers are sorted in with them, so a cone on the far side shows through dimmed rather than floating on top.

what is invented

Only the shape. A flat cone metric like this has no isometric embedding in R³, so the surface is a distortion carrying an exact grid.

the grey rows

Signatures that no surface realizes. A correct algorithm has to fail on these, which is what makes them worth keeping.

ParametrizationGenusCone ordersValences image(ρ)SquaresgcdPrior sufficient condition Produced by

torus, umbilics of index +1/2 and -1/2

1 -2, 2 2, 6 Z4 2
minimal
2 not covered search
No surface with this signature exists, at any size.

same torus, holonomy raised: no such surface

1 -2, 2 2Z4 2 not covered unrealizable

two umbilics of each sign: now it exists

1 -2, -2, 2, 2 2, 2, 6, 6 2Z4 4
minimal
2 not covered exhaustive search

and with the full holonomy too

1 -2, -2, 2, 2 2, 2, 6, 6 Z4 4
minimal
2 not covered search

one cone of angle 6 pi, primitive quartic

2 8 12 Z4 3
minimal
8 not covered construction

same cone, translation surface in H(2)

2 8 12 0 3
minimal
8 not covered closed form
No surface with this signature exists, at any size.

same cone, quadratic: Q(4) is empty

2 8 2Z4 8 not covered unrealizable

angles 3 pi and 5 pi, primitive quartic

2 2, 6 6, 10 Z4 4
minimal
2 not covered construction
No surface with this signature exists, at any size.

same angles, quadratic: Q(1,3) is empty

2 2, 6 2Z4 2 not covered unrealizable

same curvature spread over four cones

2 2, 2, 2, 2 6, 6, 6, 6 Z4 6
minimal
2 not covered construction

and the quadratic one exists here

2 2, 2, 2, 2 6, 6, 6, 6 2Z4 6
minimal
2 not covered exhaustive search

two cones of angle 4 pi

2 4, 4 8, 8 Z4 4
minimal
4 not covered construction
2 4, 4 8, 8 2Z4 4
minimal
4 not covered exhaustive search
2 4, 4 8, 8 0 4
minimal
4 not covered closed form

a pole and a cone of valence 14

2 -2, 10 2, 14 2Z4 4
minimal
2 not covered exhaustive search

one cone of angle 10 pi, primitive quartic

3 16 20 Z4 5
minimal
16 not covered construction

the minimal quadratic stratum Q(8)

3 16 20 2Z4 5
minimal
16 not covered exhaustive search

the minimal abelian stratum H(4)

3 16 20 0 5
minimal
16 not covered closed form

four cones of angle 3 pi

3 4, 4, 4, 4 8, 8, 8, 8 Z4 8
minimal
4 not covered construction
3 4, 4, 4, 4 8, 8, 8, 8 0 8
minimal
4 not covered closed form

one cone of angle 14 pi

4 24 28 Z4 7
minimal
24 not covered construction
4 24 28 0 7
minimal
24 not covered closed form

odd orders, so the holonomy is forced; gcd is 3

4 3, 21 7, 25 Z4 8
minimal
3 not covered construction

genus 5, four cones of angle 5 pi

5 8, 8, 8, 8 12, 12, 12, 12 0 12
minimal
8 not covered closed form

the pillowcase, four poles

0 -2, -2, -2, -2 2, 2, 2, 2 2Z4 2
minimal
2 not covered exhaustive search